PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVE HAVE

// ASM Blog // On-Minggu, 21 Juli 2019

1. Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)

a. Passive Voice (kalimat pasif)

Adalah kalimat yang subject-nya dikenai suatu pekerjaan atau menderita suatu. Dengan kata lain subject kalimat tersebut menjadi sasaran kegiatan yang dinyatakan oleh kata kerja. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat pasif adalah kata kerjanya yang berawalan dengan “di-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ter-“ (tergantung pada konteks kalimat).

b. Active Voice (Kalimat aktif)

Adalah kalimat yang subject-nya berbuat sesuatau atau melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat aktif adalah kata kerjanya selalu berawalan “me-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ber-“.

Bentuk dari Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah : TO BE / BE + VERB 3 :

a. Passive Voice digunakan jika kita hanya ingin fokus pada kejadian bukan pada siapa yang melakukannya.

Contoh :
  • Active      : the man is kicking the ball now.
  • Passive     : the ball is being kicked now

b. Passive Voice digunakan untuk menghindari suatu subjek yang semu (someone, somebody).

Contoh :
  • Active      : someone hit the mirror last night.
  • Passive     : the mirror was hit last night.

Dalam bahasa inggris terdapat beberapa kata kerja yang bisa memiliki 2 object, seperti: teach, pay, give, ask, tell, show, over.

Pola – Pola Passive Voice

1. Simple Present Tense

Rumus:
Active       : S + To Be (is, am, are)
Passive      : S + To Be (is,am,are) + V3

Contoh :
  • Active       : Budi writtes a letter
  • Passive      : a letter is written by budy
2. Simple Past


Rumus :
Active       : S + To Be (was,were) + v2
Passive      : S + To Be (was, were) + V3

Contoh :
  • Actived     : i eat fried rice yesterday
  • Passived    : fried rice was eaten by me yesterday


3. Present Perfect

Rumus :
Active       : S + To Be (has, have) + V3
Passive      :  S + To Be + been + V3

Contoh :
  • Active       : we have been helping the poor people
  • Passive      : the poor people have been being helped by us


4. Past Perfect

Rumus :
Active       : S + To Be (had) + V3
Passive      : S + To Be + been +V3

Contoh :
  • Active       : we had watched titanic movie
  • Passive      : Titanic movie had been watched by us

5. Present Progresive

Rumus :
Active       : S + To Be (is, am, are) + v-ing
Passive      : S + To Be + being +v3

Contoh :
  • Active       : Jane is helping Tina.
  • Passive      : Tina is being helped by Jane


6. Past Progresive

Rumus :
Active       : S + To Be (was, were) + v-ing
Passive      : S + To Be + being Not + V3

Contoh :
  • Active       : Noni  was helping ketrin
  • Passive      : Noni was being helped by Ketrin


2. Causative Verbs (kata kerja kausative)

Adalah kata kerja utama atau pokok yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa seseorang menyuruh atau menyebabkan orang lain melakukan sesuatu.

Beberapa caustive verb :
have/has                   had
ask                           asked
get                           got

1. Active Causative

a. Causative “Have”

Rumus: Subject + have/has + someone + kata kerja Bentuk I

Contoh:
  • I have him clean my shoes (saya menyuruhnya membersihkan sepatuku)
  • Mary has George climbs the tree
  • You must haveSusie study hard

b. Causative “Get”

Rumus: Subject + Get + someone + to infinitive

Contoh:
  • He gets John to brush the shoes
  • They get me to wash the clothes
  • She will get Anne to accompany her to the party tomorrow
2. Passive Causative


Rumus: Subject + have/get + object + kata kerja Bentuk III

Contoh:
  • The government got the bridge built quickly
  • We must have the floor cleaned as soon as possible
Tambahan

c. Causative “Make“
Penggunaannya sama dengan causative di atas, namun perintahnya lebih keras (sedikit memaksa)

Rumus: Subject + Make + someone + Kata kerja bentuk I

Contoh:
  • The teacher always makes the students stay in their own seats
  • Bob made his son be quiet in the library

d. Causative “Want“

Rumus: Subject + Want + object + Kata Kerja Bentuk III

Contoh:                                
  • I  want  this chairs painted (saya mau kursi-kursi ini dicat)
  • He wants the cars repaired

3. Relative Pronoun (kata ganti penghubung)

Digunakan untuk menggabungkan Induk Kalimat dan Anak Kalimat yang sama subyek maupun obyeknya. Sebagaimana kita tahu bahwa dalam Bahasa Inggris tidak ada satu kata khusus yang dapat di gunakan sebagai kata penghubung dengan arti yang dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Maka dalam hal ini kita akan menggunakan kata – kata : who, whom, whose, which, that sebagai kata ganti penghubung ( = Yang ).

Misalnya saja kita ingin mengatakan :

Anak wanita yang datang ke rumah mu tadi malam adalah adiknya Jhon. 
( The girl who came to your house last night is Jhon’s sister )

Kalau kalimat ini kita jadikan 2 kalimat akan menjadi : 
The girl is jhon’s sister The girl came to your house last night. ( Anak Kalimat )


Relatitive Pronoun terdiri dari 2 Jenis Yaitu :

1. Defining Relative
Hanya menjelaskan terbatas kepasa Subyek dan ditulis tanpa tanda koma.

Contoh :
  • The boy who broke the school-window is Tom.

2. Non Defining Relative
Menjelaskan tidak terbatas hanya kepada Subyek tetapi ada suatu keterangan lebih lanjut tentang Subyek itu sendiri dan ditulis dengan tanda koma.Tom, who is naughty boy, broke the school-window.

Penggunaan Relative Pronoun

1. Who / What digunakan untuk orang sebagai subject.
  • The man is My father. The man helped you yesterday.
  • The man who helped you yesterday is My father.
  • I Have met the man. The man writes this book.
  • I have meet the man who writes this book.
  • Do you know the boy ? The boy bought my bicycle.
  • Do you know the boy who bought my bicycle.  
  • Susanti works for garuda. Susanti is an air hostess.
  • Susanti, who work for garuda, is an air hostess
  • My Uncle is nearly fifty. He still plays badminton.
  • My uncle, who is nearly fifty, still plays badminton.

Note : That dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan who, whom, which.

2. Whom / That digunakan untuk orang sebagai Object.
  • The man is my father. You helped the man yesterday.
  • The man whom you helped yesterday is my father.
  • The girl is Jhon’s sister. You spoke to the girl on the phone last night.
  • The girl whom you spoke to on the phone last night is Jhon’s sister
  • The teacher is Mr. Winata. You studied English with him last year
  • The teacher whom you studied english with last year is Mr. Winata
  • The girl is Marry. You received a letter from her yesterday
  • The girl whom you recevived a letter from yesterday is Marry
  • Yesterday I saw your friend. I first met him at the party last month
  • Yesterday I saw your friend whom I first me at the party las month

Note : Whom dalam percakapan sering di hilangkan kemungkinan lain untuk contoh ke 2, 3, dan 4 ialah :
  • The girl to whom you spoke on the phone last night is Jhon’s sister.
  • The teacher with whom you studied english last year is Mr. Winata.
  • The girl form whom you received a letter yesterday is Marry.
3. Which / That digunakan untuk benda sebagai subject maupun object

  • We are waiting for the bus. The bus goes to Bogor.
  • We are waiting for the bus that goes to Bogor.
  • He work for a company. The company sells second-hand ear.
  • He work for a company which sells secand hand ear.
  • The letter is in the drawer. The letter came from Jhon.
  • The letter that came form Jhon is in the drawer.
  • The bag is full of money. I found the bag on the bus this morning.
  • The bag which I found on the bus this morning is full of money.
  • The film was not good. We saw the film at Roy theater last night.
  • The film that we saw at Roy theater last night was not good.

Note : which / that sebagai pokok anak kalimat ( lihat contoh 1, 2 dan 3 ) tidak dihalangkan, tetapi bila sebagai obyek ( contoh 4, 5 ) sering dihilangkan dalam percakapan.

4. Whose digunakan untuk orang yang memiliki
  • The lady is my negihbour. Her child is in hospital now.
  • The Lady whose child is in hospital now is my neighbour.
  • The man is very proud. His son is a pilot.
  • The man whose son is a pilot is very proud
  • Our new english teacher is an America. His name is Tom Grey.
  • Our new english teacher whose name is Tom Grey is an America.
  • Do you know the boy ? his moto-car is damage.
  • Do you know the boy whose motor-car is damage ?

Note : Whose dalam percakapan tidak dihilangkan. Kata – kata Where (=dimana ) dan When (= Ketika ) dapat di gunakan sebagai Relative Pronoun untuk menggantikan keterangan tempat dan keterangan waktu. 

Contoh :
  • That is the office. My ucle work is that office.
  • This is the office where my uncles works in
  • This is the street. Mary lives on this street.
  • This is the street where Marry lives on
  • Pelase tell me the bank. Jhon works in that bank.
  • Please teel me the bank where jhon work in
  • I have forgotten the day. She left for abroad on that day.
  • I have forgotten the day when she left for abroad.
  • Do you still remember that day ? we went for a picnic on that day.
  • Do you still remember that day when we went for a picnic.

Note : Dalam percakapan Where dan When boleh di hilangkan.

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